JRE #1073 – Steven Pinker

This podcast delves deep into a conversation with Steven Pinker, a renowned cognitive psychologist and author, exploring various topics related to human nature, social dynamics, and the future of humanity. Provocative discussions include the taboo subject of sex differences, the impact of social media on human behavior, and the rise and fall of civilizations. Underlying themes examine the power of reason and science in shaping human progress, the complexities of human nature, and the delicate balance between individual freedom and social order.

Here are some of the major topics covered in the podcast:

1. The Alt-Right and the Taboo of Sex Differences: Pinker discusses his controversial comment about the intelligence of some alt-right individuals, highlighting the prevailing taboo surrounding discussions about sex differences. He argues that the avoidance of such topics, often fueled by fears of being labeled sexist, creates a vacuum where extreme interpretations can flourish. This highlights the importance of open and nuanced dialogue to counter harmful stereotypes and misinformation.
2. The Impact of Social Media on Human Behavior: Pinker analyzes the role of anonymity and lack of social cues in social media, arguing that these factors contribute to the prevalence of negativity and outrage culture. He posits that the rise of these trends might be a temporary phenomenon, a byproduct of the newness of social media, and that society is slowly learning to navigate this new medium. He also highlights the potential for social media to facilitate the spread of misinformation and radical ideas.
3. The Importance of Reputation and Cooperation: Pinker draws on evolutionary psychology and the concept of “reputation” to explain the mechanisms of cooperation and altruism in human societies. He argues that anonymity erodes the importance of reputation, leading to a decline in cooperation and an increase in selfish behavior. This underscores the vital role of social cues and accountability in fostering a more civil and empathetic society.
4. The Rise of the “Outrage Mob” and Its Impact on Discourse: Pinker examines the phenomenon of outrage mobs and virtue signaling, where individuals prioritize moral posturing and public condemnation over nuanced understanding and open dialogue. He contends that these trends can corrupt intellectual discourse and hinder rational debate, creating a climate of fear and conformity.
5. The Curse of Knowledge and the Challenges of Communication: Pinker delves into the “curse of knowledge,” a cognitive bias that makes it difficult for individuals to understand the perspectives of those who lack their knowledge. He argues that this bias is often responsible for ineffective communication, particularly in written formats like tweets and social media posts. This emphasizes the importance of clarity, empathy, and active listening in fostering meaningful communication.
6. The Paradox of Progress and the Rise of Idiocy: Pinker explores the apparent paradox of human progress, where despite significant advancements in science, technology, and human well-being, society seems to be grappling with increasing levels of negativity, polarization, and irrationality. He attributes this to the human tendency for bias, fallacious reasoning, and susceptibility to groupthink. This underscores the importance of critical thinking, balanced information, and the ability to critically assess claims, particularly in the age of misinformation.
7. The Flint Effect and the Increasing Sophistication of Human Intelligence: Pinker discusses the “Flynn effect,” a phenomenon observed in IQ scores, which shows a steady rise in average intelligence over the past century. He attributes this to a combination of factors, including improved nutrition, healthcare, and education, as well as the increased complexity of modern life. This highlights the potential for human intelligence to adapt and evolve in response to changing environmental demands.
8. The Potential Dangers and Opportunities of Virtual Reality: Pinker explores the potential implications of virtual reality technology, both its positive and negative aspects. He recognizes the allure of immersive experiences, but also expresses concern about the potential for individuals to withdraw from real-world engagement and live increasingly isolated and artificial lives. This raises important questions about the balance between virtual and real-world experiences and the impact of technology on human connection.
9. The Role of Reason and Science in Human Betterment: Pinker advocates for the application of reason and scientific principles in addressing global challenges. He argues that the Enlightenment ideals of reason, science, and humanism have been instrumental in driving progress and that these principles remain essential for tackling contemporary issues. This emphasizes the importance of evidence-based decision-making, critical thinking, and the pursuit of knowledge as essential tools for a better future.
10. The Negativity Bias and the Perpetuation of Fear: Pinker examines the “negativity bias,” a psychological phenomenon that predisposes humans to focus on negative information and threats. He attributes this to the evolutionary advantage of being alert to potential dangers. However, he argues that this bias can lead to a skewed perception of the world, where negative news is disproportionately emphasized, creating a sense of constant fear and pessimism. This underscores the importance of balanced information, perspective, and recognizing the prevalence of good news, even amidst challenges.
11. The Role of Globalization in Reducing Poverty: Pinker discusses the role of globalization in lifting millions out of poverty, arguing that despite the downsides of exploitation and inequality, it has played a crucial role in improving living standards in developing countries. He attributes this to factors like increased access to markets, technological advancements, and improved economic policies. This highlights the complex relationship between globalization and poverty, urging for a nuanced perspective that acknowledges both the benefits and challenges.
12. The Dangers of Political Correctness and Its Role in Extremism: Pinker critiques the excesses of political correctness, arguing that the suppression of certain ideas and perspectives can create a vacuum where extreme views can flourish. He emphasizes the importance of open and honest dialogue, even on sensitive topics, to combat extremism and foster understanding.
13. The Demonization of Capitalism and the Rise of Hyper-Planned Systems: Pinker challenges the prevalent negative view of capitalism within academia, arguing that despite its flaws, capitalism has proven to be a more effective system than communism in creating wealth and promoting individual freedom. He warns that the taboo surrounding capitalism can lead to extreme reactions and an overemphasis on state control, hindering the development of balanced economic policies.
14. The Importance of Competition and Incentives: Pinker argues against the idea of a classless society, emphasizing the importance of individual ambition, competition, and rewards in driving progress and innovation. He warns against stifling individual drive and ambition through excessive government intervention, arguing that a healthy balance between competition and social safety nets is essential for a thriving society.
15. The Importance of Institutional Strength and Democratic Values: Pinker highlights the importance of strong institutions, including a free press, checks and balances, and a commitment to democratic values, in ensuring a stable and prosperous society. He warns against the dangers of cults of personality and the erosion of democratic norms, emphasizing the need for vigilance and a commitment to open dialogue and accountability.
16. The Role of Tribalism and Identity Politics: Pinker explores the prevalence of tribalism and identity politics in contemporary society, arguing that these trends can hinder rational dialogue and lead to a narrow focus on group interests rather than common ground. He stresses the importance of recognizing and challenging these tendencies, advocating for a more open and inclusive approach to public discourse.
17. The Importance of Open-Mindedness and the Pursuit of Truth: Pinker emphasizes the importance of open-mindedness and a commitment to the pursuit of truth in navigating complex societal challenges. He advocates for a scientific approach, where data and evidence are prioritized over ideology and tribal loyalty. This underscores the need for individuals to challenge their own biases, be willing to change their minds in the face of new evidence, and engage in open and respectful dialogue with those who hold different perspectives.

Here are 5 memorable quotes from the podcast:

1. “Social media is making us stupid.”
2. “If these things were debated in the first place, then you’d realize that those conclusions are not warranted.”
3. “We really are better off if we extend favors to each other that do a lot of good to the other in response to a fairly minor inconvenience to the self.”
4. “The most effective way to prove to someone else that you’re a nice guy is to actually be a nice guy.”
5. “We have solved problems in the past, at least we’ve we’ve reduced them, and that I think emboldens us to look at the problems we have now and think, well, we can handle those too.”